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Nutrients (Nutrients) are the chemical bonds the body needs to perform its functions, which produce energy, build and maintain tissues and regulate life processes.
Nutrition is a process by which organisms use food normally consumed through the process of digestion, absorption, transport, storage, metabolism and expenditure of unused substances, to maintain the normal life, growth and function of the organs, and produce energy .
From fetal to human elderly people need substances that are useful to help all the functions of organs to run properly, whether it is makronutrient or mikronutrient.Makronutrient is a nutrient that is needed in large quantities such as Carbohydrates, Protein & Fats and Micronutrient is a nutrient Which are relieved in relatively few quantities but still play a vital role in the body's metabolic processes such as Vitamins, minerals & fibers
In the body, these nutrients serve as a source of energy or energy (especially carbohydrates and fats), the source of the building agent (protein), especially to keep growing and developing and to replace damaged cells, the source of regulators (vitamins and minerals ).
Balanced nutrition is the composition of a daily dish containing nutrients in quantities and qualities in accordance with the needs of the body to be able to live healthy optimally.
Foods consumed daily should contain all these nutrients. Food sources of energy mainly are: rice, corn, sago, yam, bread, and the results of the processed. Food sources of builders such as fish, eggs, meat, tofu, tempeh, and nuts, and food sources of regulators, especially vegetables and fruits.
Proper nutrition means that the composition of the food should be adequate which consists of 50-55% carbohydrates, 25 -35% fat, 10-15% protein, vitamins, minerals, water sufficiently.
Nutrition problems are not just Under-nutrition such as the case of underweight to the extreme of KEP / Less protein energy, but have shifted towards Over nutrition like Obese with all its consequences (such as Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Heart, Stroke etc).
Fulfillment of malnutrition (malnutrition) can result in disturbances in the body organs can even arise certain diseases. Easy to achieve, stiff, easy canker sores are a mild example of the lack of nutritional elements that we must meet, other examples are deficiency of Vitamin A, Disorders due to Iodine deficiency (GAKI), Iron deficiency. The negative impact of malnutrition is not just physical impact Alone but also have an impact on the mental because nutrition factors are also related to brain development.
Conversely, if overnutrition the risk of Dislipidemia, Hypertension, Heart, Stroke, Uric Acid, Diabetes Mellitus become higher etc .. So it is clear that nutritional factors in addition to playing a role for the health of the body (providing energy, building, maintaining body tissues, regulating the processes of life in the body) are also related to brain development, ability, behavior, learning ability, and work productivity.
With the development of medical science many nutritional products are often used as nutritional needs for the influence of offspring and resistance to infectious diseases.
Dietary changes lead to unhealthy, unbalanced food preparations because they contain high calorie, fat, protein and salt but low in dietary fiber (dietary fiber), leading to a consequence of changes in nutritional status toward more nutrition and obes commonly referred to Obesity and the development of metabolic and degenerative diseases (heart disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and hypertension). Based on the results of Riskesdas 2007 national obesity prevalence of 19.1%. In general, women (23.8%) were more obese than men (13.9%). While central obesity is closely related to degenerative diseases for men with Waist Circumference (LP) above 90 cm or women with LP over 80 cm expressed as central obesity (WHO Asia-Pacific, 2005). The prevalence of central obesity at national level is 18.8%.
Here are tips to avoid malnutrition due to malnutrition (malnutrition):
1. Consumption of diverse foods, Eating diverse foods is very beneficial for health, because there is no one type of food that contains all the nutrients a person needs to grow and develop into healthy and productive. Various food ensures the adequacy of sources of energy, building materials, and regulating substances.
2. Consumption of food as needed, Eat Food to meet energy sufficiency. Consumption of energy in excess leads to weight gain, excess energy stored in the form of fat and other body tissues. If this condition continues to cause obesity with the sharing of health problems such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, etc. The adequacy of energy input for a person is characterized by a normal weight. Weight is a good guide to know the state of nutrition and health therefore do weight weighing regularly.
3. Limit your intake of oil and fat to one-quarter of your energy. Fats and oils in the diet are useful for increasing the amount of energy, helping to absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K, and adding to the deliciousness of the dishes.
Judging from the ease of digestion process, the fat is divided into 3 groups of fat that contains the most easily digestible polyunsaturated fatty acids, fats that contain monounsaturated fatty acids are easily digested, and fats that contain saturated fatty acids are difficult to digest.
Foods that contain polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are generally derived from plant foods, except coconut oil. Food sources of saturated fatty acids are generally derived from animals. Excessive consumption of animal fat can lead to narrowing of the arteries and coronary heart disease. But eating fish can reduce the risk of suffering from coronary heart disease, because fatty fish contains omega 3 fatty acids. Omega 3 fatty acids play a role to prevent the occurrence of blockage of fat in blood vessel walls.
4. Consumption of foods low in salt and high potassium. It is recommended to consume no more than 6 grams of salt (1 teaspoon) per day. Excess sodium consumption, especially from salt and other sources such as dairy products and salt-preserved foods, is a trigger for high blood pressure disease which is a risk for heart disease.
Unlike the case with sodium, potassium (potassium) is the main ion in the intracellular fluid. The way potassium works is the opposite of sodium. Consumption of a lot of potassium will increase its concentration in intracellular fluid, so it tends to draw fluid from the extracellular part and lower blood pressure.
5. Avoid alcoholic beverages. Alcoholic drinks contain only energy, but do not contain other nutrients. Alcoholic drinking habits can inhibit the absorption of nutrients and eliminate nutrients from consumed foods that are important for the body, causing alcohol drinkers to suffer from malnutrition. In addition it also causes liver disorders, brain and tissue nerve damage in the body.
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Source Link: vigorelle.enjin.com